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ANC campsExplanation ... with the situation was to switch off my emotions immediately, not to feel anything for anybody, not to try and fit into any kind of humane circumstance; but just to be a cold machine that did what I was trained to do.” In some camps, members of the SADF were given monetary incentives to carry ... ... dispossession and forced removals. Africans were removed mainly to Bophuthatswana, often making way for South African Defence Force (SADF) military camps. Later in the 1980s, independent communal farming settlements such as Leliefontein, Steinkopf and Richtersveld in Namaqualand were privatised ... contra-mobilisation. From 1986 onwards the state poured resources into those sectors of the townships that were prepared to adopt a pro-government stance. Illegal actions committed by these groups were permitted, ignored and promoted, particularly if they targeted supporters of the liberation ... areas motivated to resist the revolutionaries as follows: Contra-mobilisation must be small scale and implemented at regional level. Positive resistance movements must be encouraged. This must be done clandestinely.25 255 A sub-JMC meeting in the Western Cape noted that “SADF WP Command is ... ... activity and conflict in the Peninsula was shaped particularly by two demographic features. Firstly, there was a high level of coloured militancy and participation in public as well as underground resistance activities. The semiundergound youth structure known as the Bonteheuwel Military ... Operation Reindeer: the attacks on Kassinga and Chetequera camps 20 In human rights terms, the SADF raid on Kassinga, which killed over 600 people, is possibly the single most controversial external operation of the Commission’s mandate period. 21 The SADF’s view on the situation in ... ... years under [PAC president Potlako] Leballo. Between June 1982 and January 1985 at least six persons were murdered, their physical elimination sanctioned or condoned by the PAC leaders who accused them or suspected them of being ‘dissidents’. 217 Isaacs also refers to an incident in the ... ... However, evidence presented to the Commission revealed that, while internally-trained cadres were in a position to carry out better reconnaissance and thus avert detection and arrest, they faced the disadvantage of not having received the political education available to cadres in the exile ... ... and ‘hard’ targets. Asked if, as a commander, he had any discretion to break off an attack once it was realised that the targets could not advance a political objective, Gqomfa testified that he was expected to comply with any o rd e r. He was not expected to change orders or to defy ... 58 Transkei’s return to the South African fold, nonetheless, brought its own rewards for the TDF. In the 1982/3 financial year, the TDF received R50 million from the Economic Co-operation Promotion Loan Fund, and a further grant of R30 million above its budgeted allowance to build up its ... ... estate of former President Ferdinand Marcos.51 The US Federal Courts awarded compensation amounting to millions of dollars to victims of disappearances, torture and unlawful detention, for which the former President was held personally liable. 33. There was a call for reparations for the ... ... in all four of the former provinces.200 However, the PAC operation was more concentrated in the Western Cape and in areas within striking distance of the Transkei, where its operational platform was based during the early 1990s. 7. The majority of the amnesty applications related to ... ... constables were deployed in the African townships of Cape Town from October 1986. Most were recruited from the pro-government ‘witdoeke’ camps of Crossroads and Khayelitsha. A group of about ninety special constables, based at the Nyanga police station, were sent out on foot patrols, ... Changes in human rights violations over time 77 The pattern of human rights violations in South West Africa varied over time, in accordance with the level and nature of resistance to the South African occupation. This pattern may be periodised as follows: 1960–1966 78 During this period, ... ... or arrest. Arrest is not a gross violation of human rights (see associated violations). If the person is never found again, it is a disappearance. Associated violation ASSOCIATED These are not gross violations of human rights, but are important for understanding the context of the ... ... homelands emerged on the political landscape of South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s. From the outset, they were sites of steadily escalating resistance and repression. All forms of human rights abuse (torture, extra-judicial killings, unjustifiable use of deadly force etc) which occurred within ... ... Initial Service Compulsory Period of Service Continuous Service Commitments 1946 - 51 Only volunteers 1 month 4 years 2 x 3 day camps 1952 - 61 Drafted numbers 3 months 4 years 1 x 30 day plus 2 x 15 day camps 1962 - 66 Drafted numbers 9 months 4 years 2 ... ... 47 Evangelical churches were often used by government agencies to ‘neutralise dissent’. Moss Nthla referred to government-sponsored youth camps which targeted township children for evangelism. “I used to be involved in the struggle,” he recalled one young man saying, “and now ... state formation and dissolution. e The South African War of 1899-1902 during which British forces herded Boer women and children into concentration camps in which some 20 000 died - a gross human rights violation of shocking proportions.2 f The genocidal war in the early years of this century ... ... MEMBERS INSIDE THE COUNTRY BRANDED AS INFORMERS OR AGENTS, AND THOSE WHO OPPOSED PAC POLICIES, WERE ALSO KILLED. ALL SUCH ACTIONS CONSTITUTED INSTANCES OF GROSS VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS FOR WHICH THE PAC AND APLA ARE HELD TO BE RESPONSIBLE AND ACCOUNTABLE. ... |
