Pass

74 of 1982 1960 21 March: Sharpeville Sixty-seven people were killed and 186 wounded by police at the Sharpeville police station during a PAC anti pass law demonstration. In September, 224 civil claims for damages were served on the Minister of Justice. He stated on 21 October that legislation ...

... government agencies such as clinics, hospitals and schools. However, access was often denied or payment levied where those seeking help did not pass the means test. As a result, the Commission approached Members of the Executive Councils3 in the provinces to negotiate concessions for ...

WITHOUT BEING CHARGED, OR IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE THEY ARE VULNERABLE TO TORTURE AND SEVERE ILL TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, GOVERNMENT SHOULD NEVER AGAIN PASS LEGISLATION INDEMNIFYING THE POLICE OR OTHER SECURITY FORCES AGAINST PROSECUTION OR CIVIL CLAIMS FOR ILLEGAL ACTIONS CARRIED OUT IN SUPPORT OF ...

... the importance of using language that cannot be misinterpreted given the long chains of command through which instructions, orders and policy must pass. ...

... of short ‘crash courses’ in the use of arms and explosives. Those who attended the courses were afterwards expected to return to the BMW and pass on their training to others. The BMW was armed from a number of sources, including arms stolen from policemen, bought from local gangsters, ...

... They are not in that wall. Why are they not in that wall? Is that your work, Chairperson, as we build reconciliation? Because I get angry when I pass that wall. I get angry that the women’s own suffering is not being recognised by this country. I get angry because the [Commission] is silent ...

... would lead to total independence by 1963. With PAC leaders in prison, the task fell on the regional echelons. The wide media coverage of the anti-pass campaign and the state’s violent response increased the PAC’s image and membership, particularly in the Western Cape. 45 A number of ...

... violations in the western Cape for this period are similar to those occurring elsewhere in the country, especially those arising from the anti-pass laws protests of 21 March 1960 and subsequent events. These include the detentions, torture and trials that followed the banning of ...

Journalists’ Bill would have required all journalists to be listed on a "roll of journalists". They would need certain qualifications and have to pass certain examinations in order to practise. No one who had been convicted of "any subversive activity" would be allowed to practise as a ...

■ THE LAW AND VIOLENCE IN SOUTH

... This is a self-serving myth. It is patently dishonest to claim today that any of us were unaware of apartheid; unaware of forced removals and pass laws; unaware of deaths in detention or unaware of the killing of children in our streets. The second response from the white community is ...

... that, in many respects, our church had developed, over many years, its own pattern of racial inequality and discrimination. It was all too easy to pass resolutions or make lofty pronouncements condemning apartheid. It was all too easy to point a morally superior finger at Afrikaner nationalist ...

... they were not the people of 1960. They were younger, they were more sensitive to the repression that the apartheid laws, particularly the pass laws, inflicted, the harm and the suffering that the laws of the country inflicted upon black people. Their aspiration level was far higher, ...

... Church in 1960 and as heresy by the United Congregational Church in 1982.42 In 1986, the Presbyterian Church and the United Congregational Church passed resolutions making rejection of apartheid a matter of status confessionis [a situation demanding a new confession of faith], claiming in ...

Informal settlements: Development and destabilisation 385 In the wake of the scrapping of the pass laws and the Coloured Labour Preference Policy in the mid-1980s, local government in the Cape increasingly accepted the need to upgrade the many informal settlements in and around Nyanga and ...

... the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the two Additional Protocols of 1977. Since the Commission was not a tribunal and therefore not required to pass legal judgements, only the basic concepts and principles underlying these laws were taken into consideration. 94 International humanitarian ...

... from the provision of a relatively cheap migratory labour force, which was brought into being by land expropriation, forced removals, apartheid pass laws and influx controls . c Those businesses with an industrial workforce benefited from the existence of a reserve of unemployed workers ...

... over several decades from the exploitation of the black mineworkers, whose human rights were violated by (amongst other apartheid policies) the pass laws, the migrant labour system and suppression of trade union activity. b The banks ignored the call for sanctions against Pretoria initiated ...

... At this time, the township was largely ANC-dominated, with the exception of C1 section which was said to be IFP. Residents of C1 section had to pass through E section to catch taxis and buses to and from the township, and were frequently attacked. ...

... and against the ANC’s Mr Kasrils for his part in leading a breakaway group that allegedly sparked the shootings. The Ciskei government then passed a decree indemnifying everyone from prosecution. This was later overturned, but for various reasons (partly because it was too close to the ...