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people's warExplanation ... identity of women who have rejected traditional roles, for example by engaging in ‘masculine’ roles in the struggle. Seifert suggests that in a war situation men, or the ‘nation’, might well collude in silencing talk of sexual abuse. (T)he commemoration of female war victims would pass ... ... During the amnesty hearing, the applicants handed in a video of a BWB meeting held in 1993, in which it was said that the party would declare war against the government which, ‘wanted to hand the country over to the ANC/SACP alliance’. At other meetings, members were instructed to ... ... that continued unabated for a week and fundamentally altered the political landscape of the township. The conflict became known as the Six Day War. 301 On 15 February 1986, over 11 000 people attended the funeral of Mr Michael Dirading (19), a member of the Student Representative Council ... ... care professionals were extremely limited in the case of doctors and mental health professionals; although far less so for nurses. Before World War II, no black doctors were trained in South Africa. None of the medical schools in South Africa would admit black students and all black doctors ... ... over independence and incorporation that engulfed the KwaNdebele area from mid-1985 until 1988 degenerated into what was, in effect, a civil war. Human rights violations – committed by a variety of individuals and groups on all sides of the conflict – were numerous and widespread. ... disintegration and often with a weakening or disruption of traditional norms governing interpersonal behaviour in families. Studies demonstrate that war experiences or prolonged detention may result in problems in marital relationships. This may be due to the direct effects of trauma-coping ... ... SDUs and SPUs (self-defence and special protection units). 95 For many white youth who were conscripted into the Defence Force, the nature of the war had varied psychological effects. Guerrilla warfare was attended by many stresses, especially for people from urban areas who were suddenly ... ... grouping was the security police.29 The growing influence of counter-insurgency thinking – associated with South Africa’s involvement in the wars in the former South West Africa and Rhodesia – had a substantial impact on the patterns and modes of abuse reported. In the first place, it ... ... at the hearing on the Church Street bombing in Pretoria on 4 May 1998: This was never a target, an attack against whites. We never fought a racist war. We fought to undo racism … We never set out deliberately to attack civilian targets. We followed the political objectives of the African ... ... and hardened terrorists). The problem the SSC faced was what to do with them. They could not, in the SSC’s view, be regarded as prisoners-of-war “omdat daar nie ’n staat van oorlog bestaan nie” (because a state of war did not exist). It was also noted that they were no longer ... ... as well as public humiliation. 115 Dusk-to-dawn curfews were imposed on much of northern South West Africa for most of the duration of the war, although the application varied from time to time and from place to place. This was a major grievance of the local population, as the curfews ... ... that Hechter questioned Sefolo and, dissatisfied with his responses, tied a wire around his neck and strangled him, with the assistance of Warrant Officer van Vuuren. Sefolo’s body was then dumped in the veld with a tyre placed around his neck. Petrol was poured over him and he was set ... exile structures in Lusaka to the offices of the KGB in Moscow. 109 The government understood the onslaught as being in the tradition of guerrilla warfare. This type of warfare is characterised by the relative unimportance of military operations in the sense of combat operations carried out ... Gasa [KZN/GM/087/DN] was stabbed to death by unknown ANC supporters. His wife was threatened by the attackers and was forced to flee. The Seven Day War 263 From the 25–31 March 1990, the communities in the lower Vulindlela and Edendale Valleys, south of Pietermaritzburg, were subjected to an ... weshould deal with that past; how we should go about coming to terms with it.21 There were those who believed that we should follow the post World War IIexample of putting those guilty of gross violations of human rights on trial asthe allies did at Nuremberg. In South Africa, where we had a ... ... African government and its policy of apartheid. 132 Nonetheless, as indicated previously, the Commission drew a distinction between a ‘just war’ and ‘just means’ and has found that in terms of international conventions, the ANC and its organs (the National Executive Council, the ... ... other, yet we are able to cope and live with each other. We do not necessarily love each other. We may not even like each other.4 I was born towards the end of the Second World War, while my father was interned, “in detention without trial”. I was born into the Afrikaner Volk and the ... through windows, blackmail, loosening bolts on car wheels and firing shots at homes. 54 Strategic communication or Stratcom: a form of psychological warfare waged by both conventional and unconventional means. Credibility operations 125. Attacks on installations were used to provide credibility ... Christo Uys,a council member of a prominent Afrikaner youth organisation, the Junior Rapportryers Beweging (JRB): We were born in the struggle. The war on the border was in the process and within South Africa there was a freedom struggle. Today it is seen as a very just struggle, but the effect ... ... 185 Many who are now seen as perpetrators viewed themselves as defenders of their nation and were, at the time, showered with praises and rewards for achieving their goals. Their actions appeared justified in what they viewed as a war context. 186 Former leaders subsequently distanced ... |
