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right-wing attacks

Explanation
Prior to February 1990, violations committed by members of right-wing organisations took the form of isolated attacks with a strong racist character. During the early 1990s, members of right-wing organisations, perceiving themselves to be placed under siege by the process of constitutional negotiations for a democratic dispensation, carried out a large number of attacks aimed at securing the political interests of conservative Afrikaners. Isolated racist attacks on individuals were replaced by mass demonstrations and orchestrated bombing and sabotage campaigns. Between April 1993 and May 1994, right-wing groups engaged in a range of activities to disrupt the negotiations process then underway, and later to destabilise the electoral process. Many of these acts were directed against persons perceived to be supporters and leaders of the ANC, the SACP, the UDF, the PAC and the National Party, and resulted in gross violations of human rights. Violations of a purely racial character were also carried out against black people. During the pre-election period, the AWB and other right-wing organisations engaged in a bombing campaign with the aim of derailing the electoral process. The objective of these activities was to move towards 'overthrowing' the National Party government and to establish a Boererepubliek (Boer republic) and volkstaat. Public areas such as taxi ranks, bus stops and railway stations were targeted, as were private residential and business premises of those associated with the ANC or the unfolding democratic order. State property was also targeted, especially following the announcement that the Group Areas Act was to be repealed and schools opened to all. A number of formerly 'white' schools were bombed. The campaign involved many acts of sabotage, some of which led to the loss of life.

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JUDGE MOTATA: Contrast this with the attacks, counter attacks if I may call it that, of the IFP at Zenzele, I think you said, by the residents who were largely affiliated to the ANC within Daveyton, that when those attacks were done, it was clear that this is a retaliation that the IFP people were ...
MR MALAN: I think the question is really, you talk about the attacks on your home but you're not saying in your statement that Mr Cele was involved in these attacks. So the question is, why do you tell us about the attacks?
... 1991. The residents, who were mostly aligned to the African National Congress (ANC) were required to develop a vigilance on the farm because of attacks on the residents by members of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP). These attacks were politically motivated. This resulted in regular patrols ...
In the four operations briefly described above, the applicants believed that their attacks were directed against policemen who, as part of the security system of the previous government were regarded as the enemy of the people. The attack on the Steak Restaurant in Claremont was aimed at the white ...
"There was no doubt regarding the fact that ANC/MK members were launching attacks on the RSA, which had been planned and orchestrated in Swaziland, particularly landmine attacks in rural areas, as well as limpet mine attacks in restaurants, during which many innocent persons were killed and ...
... of these incidents. They weren't able to take the matter very far, Chairperson, but it's evident from this list itself, that there were many more attacks and there were many more attacks on military personnel, army vehicles and military offices as well. It shouldn't, with respect, be thought ...
MR DUMA: To defend the community was a right to every affected party, that something must be done to protect the attacks, the community from attacks.
... were associated with a political objective.  At all material times, Applicants were acting in their capacities as members of MK and the attacks fell within the policies and mandate of MK.  All of the attacks accordingly constitute acts associated with a political objective as ...
The ANCYL members had to acquire firearms in a clandestine manner in order to repel the attacks. The tragedy of the situation as well as the intensity of the strife was sadly reflected in the evidence of the said Johnson Thembe Ncube: he said upon his return home, he had to report to his local ...
... days that you were at this place, you know in this area, not necessarily confined to the address at which the whole thing happened, were there any attacks on police officers in that area that you know of? If you don't know you say, you know: "I don't know of any attacks on police officers" or ...
... with his parents. The Trial Court accepted that at that time there was a climate of violence in Kwamakhuta. There were factions in each area and attacks and counter-attacks between these factions was common place. The applicant resided in an IFP area. He says he was a member of the Inkatha ...
MR PRETORIUS: Chairperson, at that stage in Soweto, there was a heavy onslaught, specifically with regard to handgrenade attacks. Handgrenade attacks were the order of the day in Soweto, during that time, Chairperson.
MS TANZER: Was any other persons convicted for the Sebokeng attacks, or the Zone 13 attacks?
... was underscored by the fact that he was a member of the elite Special Operations unit of the ANC and some of the biggest and most spectacular attacks during the conflict of the past, were attributed to Special Ops, such as the explosions in Durban on the Victoria embankment and the Mobil ...
... what to do because I knew that during that time the SDU's as well as the marshals, the so-called Amabutofenci(?), were busy making their sporadic attacks so I was busy teaching them how to react against those attacks and so on. So I really don't know what was their command to their task forces ...
The Applicant is therefore GRANTED amnesty for the attacks on the 23rd and 24th April 1994 on the Msboyazofe and Bhuyafuti hostels respectively, which attacks were carried out by the launching of rockets into the hostels, as well as for the illegal possession of two Bazooka rocket launchers ...
... the Wembezi area. On the day of the incident he and other IFP members intended to travel by bus to Ulundi for an IFP gathering. During those days attacks on IFP members travelling in cars or busses to political meetings were not unusual because a situation akin to a war situation existed at the ...
schools and attacks on the homes of policemen, attacks on persons,
... days that you were at this place, you know in this area, not necessarily confined to the address at which the whole thing happened, were there any attacks on police officers in that area that you know of? If you don't know you say, you know: "I don't know of any attacks on police officers" or ...
MR ROSSOUW: Yes, but what I'm asking you is whether it was specifically said to you that he was involved in attacks of terrorism and specifically attacks during which policemen had been killed?
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