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TRC Final Report

Page Number (Original) 186

Paragraph Numbers 24 to 28

Volume 6

Section 3

Chapter 1

Subsection 3

VIOLATIONS BY CATEGORY

24. Security force applicants applied for a total of 550 incidents, eighty-six of which encompassed a number of separate acts.10 Examples of these were assaults/torture during interrogation between 1984 and 1989; the arson/bombing campaign by the Northern Transvaal Security Branch in 1986 to 1988; various Stratcom11 activities between 1977 and 1994; supplying the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) with weapons between 1991 and 1992, and the intimidation of named civilians from 1974 onwards.

25. The 550 incidents involved or resulted in the following 1583 acts:12

Abductions 80
Attempted abductions 2
Arms caches 9
Bombing and arson 83
Attempted bombing and arson 4
Cover- up 13 8
Body mutilation/destruction 44
Disinformation / discrediting actions 21
Fraud and theft 34
Attempted fraud/theft 9
Illegal weapons 4
Intimidation 72
Killings14 889
Attempted killings 143
Torture/ assault 98
Other 42

26. The eighty-six incidents for which there were a number of acts or victims or outcomes can be classified according to the following violations:

Abduction 2
Bombing and arson 1
Body mutilation/destruction 1
Disinformation/discrediting actions 4
Fomenting violence 27
Fraud and theft 5
Illegal weapons 4
Intimidation 21
Killing15 3
Attempted killings 6
Torture/assault 17
Unspecified 4
Weapon modification 7

27. The majority of incidents (446) were committed while the applicants were employed by the SAP’s Security Branch:

10 As early as 1996, the Amnesty Committee decided to deal with incidents rather than individual acts in order to make it possible to deal with groups of applicants who had been involved in the same incident but who may have committed a number of different acts. Thus, when dealing with applications, the Committee decided to focus on specific incidents, with each incident logically comprising a number of different acts/offences. 11 Strategic communication or Stratcom: a form of psychological warfare waged by both conventional and unconventional means. 12 These statistics count major acts rather than each offence associated with an incident. For example, t h e ‘ C r a dock Four’ incident would be counted as abduction, killing and body mutilation. In numerous incidents, applicants applied for a range of associated offences, s u chas use or transport of an illegal weapon, crossing a border illegally, and so forth. These associated acts have not been counted. 13 This figure counts applicants who applied only for covering-up an offence – for example, applications from Stratcom operatives for being associated with the cover-up related to the death of Mr Neil Aggett in detention in February 1982. It must be noted that virtually every offence committed by a member of the security forces includes an element of subterfuge and cover- u p. In this regard, this statistic represents a massive under- c o u n t . 14 This figure includes the killing of 624 persons in one single incident – see para 36.
Violations by date

28. Some 50 per cent of all incidents for which amnesty was sought occurred between 1985 and 1989. A far smaller number of applications was received for incidents occurring during the pre-1985 and post 1990 periods, and none for the first decade of the Commission’s mandate period:

1960 – 1969 0
1970 – 1979 29
1980–1984 86
1985 – 1989 274
1990 – 1994 83
Multiple periods 47
Unspecified 31
15 Acts of intimidation of a single person or family over a limited period of time have been counted as one specified act of intimidation although several separate acts may have been involved. However, where a single person or family or organisation was targeted over a lengthy period (often over years) this has been counted with the ‘process’ or ‘umbrella event’ violations.
 
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