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PEBCO ThreeExplanation The PEBCO Three 240 Sipho Hashe [EC0003/96PLZ], Mr Champion Galela [EC0005/96PLZ] and Mr Qaqawuli Godolozi [EC0004/96PLZ], members of the Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organisation (PEBCO), an affiliate of the UDF, were abducted on 11 May 1985 by members of the Port Elizabeth Security Branch, taken ... ... were already dead by the time their bodies were burned. Burning was also used by the police to cover up killings. Well known cases are those of the PEBCO Three and Cradock Four (See Volume Three). 276 The Commission heard that, in some townships, ‘comrades’ attempted to prevent the burial ... ... from former state operatives as well as amnesty applications, now appears to be the work of security forces. Examples include the Cradock Four and PEBCO Three. The actions were done either to destroy evidence and or to suggest that the killings were conducted by rival groupings. ... ... SWAPO refugee camps in Zambia. 1979 Venda becomes independent. MK Special Operations Unit is formed. COSAS (Congress of South African Students), PEBCO (Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organisation) and AZASO (Azanian Students Organisation), later renamed SASCO (South African Students Congress) ... The Cradock Four 245 Some six weeks after the abduction and murder of the PEBCO Three, UDF activists Mr Matthew Goniwe [EC0080/96NWC], Mr Sparrow Mkhonto [EC0029/ 96NWC], Mr Fort Calata [EC0028/96NWC] and Mr Sicelo Mhlawuli [EC0079/96NWC] were abducted and killed outside Port Elizabeth on 27 ... 1984 and December 1989; a third of these take place in the former Eastern Cape and Border regions. UDF and Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organisation (PEBCO) activists — Sipho Hashe, Champion Galela and Qaqawuli Godolozi — are abducted on 8 May and killed by security police. The SADF raids ... ... for truth. We have, through these means, been able to uncover much of what happened in the past. We know now what happened to Steve Biko, to the PEBCO Three, to the Cradock Four. We now know who ordered the Church Street bomb attack and who was responsible for the St James’ Church massacre. ... ... for various necklacings. The South African Police used to preen itself about its successes in these operations. Concerning events such as the PEBCO Three, the Cradock Four and so on, the police engaged in elaborate and effective cover-ups. Now that their nefarious deeds are coming to light ... ... precondition for amnesty. Others, however, said that this saved the process from lies and faked apologies. 61 At the amnesty hearing of the ‘Pebco Three’, Mr Kimpani Peter Mogoai, a former askari was questioned: Advocate Lamey: Mr Mogoai, at this hearing you are aware that the – let ... ... of police repression, other mass-based organisations started to emerge in the Eastern Cape, such as the Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organisation (PEBCO) and the Congress of South African Students (COSAS). It was also at about this time that the ANC began to infiltrate units of trained ... ... at the Oliphantshoek pass. The four were shot or stabbed, and their bodies mutilated, before being dumped in the veld near Port Elizabeth. The ‘PEBCO Three’ 299 The killing of the ‘Cradock Four’ followed that of the ‘PEBCO Three’ on 8 May 1985, a very similar killing. These two ... ... Mr Thozi Majola and Mr Phaki Ximiya) decided to leave the country in September 1980. They went to Maseru, Lesotho, where they met with former PEBCO leader Mr Thozamile Botha and Mr Chris Hani. They were given basic training and told to build the underground in the Eastern Cape. This ... ... [EC0662/96] died in a Port Elizabeth prison in December 1977. He was detained and appeared in the Grahamstown Supreme Court on a case against PEBCO leader Mr Thozamile Botha and two others. He refuted a statement he had been forced to sign implicating Botha. The accused were released, but ... ... or justifiable targets . 314. It would appear that most internal targets for elimination were decided at a divisional level, as emerged at the ‘Pebco Three’ and Ribeiro hearings. Lieutenant Jacques Hechter told the Committee that targets for elimination were decided on ‘an ad hoc ... ... made direct contact with the Unit. Consequently, the following cases were solved: the disappearance and murder of Madaka and Mthimkulu; the ‘PEBCO Three’; the ‘Cradock Four’; Steve Biko; Kondile and Mkhuseli Jack. Thereafter, the Unit extensively debriefed a significant number of ... ... torture that followed were secondary to the intention to kill. 59. Thus the cases of Griffiths Mxenge, Topsy Madaka and Siphiwe Mthimkulu, the ‘Pebco Three’, the ‘Cradock Four’ and the Ribeiros should be classified as political assassinations rather than abductions. Here the intention ... ... (Gcinisizwe Kondile, Siphiwe Mthimkulu and Topsy Madaka). Eight of the remaining twelve were prominent political figures (Steve Biko, the ‘Pebco Three’ and the ‘Cradock Four’), three were Security Branch operatives and one was an informer (linked to the ‘Motherwell Four’). 243. ... ... with the assassination of fairly high-profile activists. These include Messrs Griffiths Mxenge, Siphiwe Mthimkulu and Topsy Madaka, the ‘Pebco Three’ and the ‘Cradock Four’. 109. Thirty-nine out of the total number of eighty abductions were MK or ANC-linked. Twenty-four of these ... ... spread to Grahamstown AZAPO and UDF affiliates. 225 The two weeks from 30 April to 11 May saw a number of violent attacks. On the 8 May, the ‘PEBCO Three’ (Mr Sipho Hashe [EC0003/96PLZ], Mr Champion Galela [EC0005/96PLZ] and Mr Qaqawuli Godolozi [EC0004/96PLZ]) were abducted and killed by ... ... had a general mandate to kill political opponents whom they believed to be contributing towards the instability of the state. Evidence in the ‘Pebco Three’ hearing confirms that there had been an instruction from the Minister of Law and Order to ‘destabilise the Eastern Cape’. The ... |
