toyi-toyi

■ THE AZANIAN NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY 226 No evidence was presented to the Commission that the military operations of the Azanian National Liberation Army (AZANLA), the armed wing of the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania, resulted in any gross violations of human rights. The exception ...

SAAIRES, Rojen SABANI, Dumezweni Patrick SABATANA, Mncedisi Welcome SABELA, Debra Baphi SABELA, Lucky SABELA, Skhumbuzo SABELA, Thoko Regina SABELA, Thokozile Duduzile SABELO, Jabulani SABELO, Johannes SABELO, Sibongile Dorah SABELO, Thuleleni Irene SABELO, Winnington SABI, Eddie Simphiwe ...

Findings in regard to the United Democratic Front (UDF) Having looked at this question long and hard among us, we conceded that the language used by some of us from time to time could have provided the reasonable basis for some of our members to infer that violence or even killing was acceptable. ...

Khayelitsha 333 After the unbanning of the ANC and PAC, the liberation movements rapidly developed a strong base in Khayelitsha where black local authorities became the focal point of political mobilisation and conflict, dominating events in 1990. As in the 1980s, a great deal of the violence ...

‘Trojan Horse’ killings: Despatch, Uitenhage and Steynsburg 205 The so-called ‘Trojan Horse’ incident that took place in Athlone, Cape Town, on 15 October 1985 is well known: police hiding in boxes in the back of a delivery van opened fire, killing three youths. Similar tactics were used ...

■ 1990–1994 Overview of violations 315 Violations in the Eastern Cape during the 1990s took place in the following contexts: a violence following the release of Mr Nelson Mandela in February 1990; b clashes between the newly unbanned ANC and PAC; c a battle between the South African ...

The killing of Amy Biehl 168. In April 1994, PASO members Mongezi Christopher Manqina [AM0669/96], Vusumzi Samuel Ntamo [AM4734/97] and Mzikhona Easy Nofemela [AM5282/97] were convicted of killing American Fulbright scholar Amy Elizabeth Biehl in Guguletu, Cape Town, on 25 August 1993. They were ...

THE STORY OF MRS LEONILLA TENZA 20. Early in Mrs Te n z a ’s interview5 6 she said, ‘Hmm! I have been really traumatised in life.’ Born in 1932, she described being bitten by police dogs while ‘we were toyi-toying for our freedom’. She said that she fell while running away fro m police ...

The battle for the homelands 326 This period was one of military rule for both Ciskei and Transkei. The Transkei had been under constant military rule since Major-General Bantu Holomisa’s second coup on 31 December 1987, the first successful coup in a South African homeland. In Ciskei, ...

ACTS COMMITTED BY CIVILIANS PRIOR TO 1990 48. While MK operations undoubtedly contributed significantly to resistance activities, particularly in the pre-1990s period, civilian activity inside the country took place on a larger scale. The submission made to the Commission by the Foundation for ...