bantustan

... were present. 175 During the period of the commission’s existence, Coetzee was consistently unavailable for interviews, and at one point both bantustan governments said that they did not really know what the commission was doing. There was frequent tension between Transkei and Ciskei during ...

... was through a ‘bloodbath’. Part of the blood to be spilt was that of black informers, spies and collaborators with the government. Hence bantustan chiefs like Mr Kaiser Matanzima also became targets. Any who questioned the legitimacy and constitutionality of certain developments could ...

... No charges were ever brought. 114 During 1973, following mass detentions in Owamboland, the SAP began to hand over alleged SWAPO supporters to the bantustan authorities. After cursory hearings, the victims were publicly flogged with epokolos, the central ribs of makalani palms. Both women and ...

... hearing’ of the Commission that: From time to time there were individuals in these structures, be it in the community councils or in the Bantustan structures, who behaved in such a manner within communities that they defined themselves as targets to those communities, and amongst those ...

... in Owamboland in the north, where most South West Africans live, resulted in considerable police activity and public floggings carried out by bantustan officials (see below). 1974–1980 81 The fourth period falls between 1974 and 1980. This was a period of militarisation. SWAPO ...

... schools, the media and many churches that black people were different from them and at a lower stage of development. With the emergence of the bantustan scheme, they were told that blacks were not even South Africans. Thus a distinction emerged in their minds about the citizenship of South ...

... that the National Party was “primarily concerned with maintaining our right to self-determination”, former President De Klerk12 argued that the bantustan project “was not without idealism”: We thought we could solve the complex problems that confronted us by giving each of the ten ...

... were the institutional creations of the apartheid system and the political parties that operated largely within these creations. The homeland or bantustan system gave rise to a set of semi-autonomous security and law-enforcement structures and such political groupings as the Inkatha Freedom ...

... to acquiescence to them. The Presbyterian Church confessed to giving “qualified support” to government in the 1960s. For example, it defended Bantustan policies in 1965 and the right of the state to suppress “unlawful subversion”. 2 Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah, Hitler’s Willing ...

States and encourages their participation in an overall Southern African military treaty organisation against a common enemy”. By this time, the bantustan militaries had been integrated into the SADF’s ‘area war’ strategy, designed to counter the threat posed by the armed struggle of the ...

... Mbeki , South Africa: The Peasants’ Revolt. 1964; Roger J. Southall, South Africa’s Transkei: The political economy of an “independent” bantustan, 1982. 4 Human Rights Commission, Deaths in detention, August 1990. (This Human Rights Commission was later renamed the Human Rights ...

... to Oliver Tambo, this was due to “the understandable antipathy of many of our comrades towards what they considered as working within the bantustan system”.8 62 Matters came to a head at a London meeting between Chief Buthelezi and the ANC leadership in exile in October 1979. Chief ...

... the domestic market, to procure foreign exchange on its behalf and administer its bank accounts; f supported the implementation of apartheid’s Bantustan policy by offering extra cheap tariffs for industries settling in ‘border areas’, like Alusaf in Richards Bay; g buttressed the ...

... the revolt has been taken from: Govan Mbeki (1964) and Roger J. Southall, South Africa’s Transkei: The political economy of an “independent” bantustan. 1982, and statements made to the Commission. 12 The term iKongo appears to have been a corruption of ‘Congress’ in a reference to the ...

power-sharing arrangement with the ANC. Instead, the ANC and the government now co-operated closely while the IFP aligned itself with a coalition of bantustan governments and elements of the white right wing. This latter grouping ultimately coalesced into the Concerned South Africans Group (COSAG) ...

... elsewhere in the country, especially in the townships. However, developments internal to the homelands were at least as important in politicising bantustan populations. 72 Despite reformist initiatives in other spheres, the Botha administration did not dramatically alter the state’s ...

... were used primarily in counter-insurgency operations. Security concerns of the South African government no doubt tempered the growth of the various bantustan armies. As the TBVC defence forces relied on the South African state for finances, training and equipment, it was easy for the central ...

9 Govan Mbeki, The Peasants’ Revolt, 1964. 10 Mbeki (1964) and Roger Southall, South Africa’s Transkei: The political economy of an independent bantustan, 1982. 11 Kairos, Torture of detainees in South Africa 1960-1970, November 1997, p37; Political prisoners and detainees in South Africa, ...

... attacks. Two of the best-known incidents were the occupation of the World Trade Centre in 1993 and the support by members of the AWB of the Bantustan administration in Bophuthatswana in 1994. 10. The Commission agreed to the request by President Mandela that it extend the period available ...